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A-Z African Marine Life Event Calendar • JENMAN African Safaris

A-Z African Marine Life Event Calendar • JENMAN African Safaris


A Aggregations of Snappers & Groupers (Spawning)
Massive groups of snappers and groupers gather on reef ledges to spawn. Peak activity is linked to lunar cycles, with hundreds of fish forming dense clouds. Divers witness spectacular underwater displays as these predators chase, mate, and release eggs into the water column. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Mafia Island
Tanzania

Bazaruto
Mozambique

Malindi- Watamu
Kenya

October – December Anchovy Migrations
Anchovies have their own seasonal offshore and inshore movements in West Africa. Ecologically similar to sardines but a distinct species in a different region. Senegal

West Africa

November- January B Bioluminescent Plankton Blooms
Occasionally, tiny plankton light up the sea at night, creating magical, glowing waves. Best viewed on warm, calm evenings when the plankton density peaks. Each movement stirs sparkling trails, enchanting snorkelers, divers, and beachwalkers. Tofo
Mozambique

Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Saint Helena Island

November – March
Saint Helena Island sightings are rare Bryde’s Whale Sightings
Sleek Bryde’s whales cruise coastal waters, often feeding near the surface. Pods can be spotted year-round but are most visible during seasonal upwellings. They leap and tail-slap, offering dramatic photo opportunities. Mozambique Channel

Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Seychelles

May – November Bull Shark Encounters
Powerful and curious, bull sharks patrol coastal reefs and estuaries. They are most active in warm, shallow waters where visibility is high. Encounters provide adrenaline-packed diving experiences in a controlled environment. Aliwal Shoal & Protea Banks
South Africa

Tofo
Mozambique

Zanzibar
Tanzania

November – May
Mozambique may extend to June C Coelacanth Sightings
Ancient and mysterious, coelacanths dwell in deep underwater caves. Rare and nocturnal, they appear in isolated pockets off Madagascar. Sightings are exceptional, rewarding those seeking a glimpse of living fossils. Anjajavy & Nosy Be
Madagascar

Knysna
South Africa

Year-round
Rare and deep-water Coral Spawning
Coral colonies release eggs and sperm simultaneously, turning reefs into clouds of life. The spectacle is brief but intense, attracting predators and divers alike. Timing is tied to water temperature and the full moon. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Bazaruto & Quirimbas
Mozambique

Seychelles

October – December
Seychelles peak: November–December D Devil Ray Sightings
Elegant devil rays soar through warm coastal waters in large, synchronized groups. Divers often spot them gliding effortlessly over cleaning stations and reefs. The acrobatic leaps and slow rotations are mesmerizing. Tofo & Bazaruto
Mozambique

Nosy Be
Madagascar

October – April
Nosy Be may also see rays May–June Dugong Sightings
Shy and gentle, dugongs graze seagrass beds in shallow lagoons. They surface to breathe, often in small groups. Spotting these quiet marine mammals rewards those who venture into protected coastal habitats. Bazaruto Archipelago
Mozambique

Mafia Island
Tanzania

Seychelles

Year-round
Best May–November
Mozambique sightings are rare E Eagle Ray & Mobula Ray Aggregations
Huge wingspans ripple through the water as eagle and mobula rays glide in synchrony. Seasonal aggregations create breathtaking underwater formations, perfect for divers and snorkelers. Mafia Island
Tanzania

Bazaruto
Mozambique

Seychelles

November – April
Eagle rays are migratory and not consistently present in one location. F Flying Fish Spawning Events
Flying fish leap above waves in dazzling numbers, especially at dusk. Predators follow, creating a dramatic aerial chase. Coastal stretches of East Africa and Madagascar host the most prolific events. Wild Coast
South Africa

Quirimbas
Mozambique

East coast
Madagascar

November – February G Great White Shark Peak Season
Great whites patrol offshore reefs and kelp beds. Predatory displays include breaching, tail-slapping, and stalking seal colonies. Peak season sees predictable activity, ideal for cage diving adventures. Cape Town: False Bay & Gansbaai
South Africa

Saint Helena Island
Very rare: Occasional sightings only

May – September
False bay sightings have decreased due to the appearance of killer whales. H Hammerhead Shark Schools
Large schools of scalloped hammerheads patrol deep drop-offs. They form tight, swirling formations during their seasonal migrations. Observing their precision movements is a highlight for pelagic divers. Protea Banks
South Africa

Pemba Island
Tanzania

Seychelles

November – February Humpback Whale Migration
Humpbacks travel thousands of kilometers to breeding grounds. They breach, slap tails, and sing complex songs while protecting calves. Coastal lagoons and islands provide prime vantage points for whale watchers. Perfect to watch from Île Sainte-Marie’s sandy beaches. Île Sainte-Marie
Madagascar

Tofo
Mozambique

Sodwana Bay
South Africa

June – October
Madagascar peak: June–September I Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin Pods
Playful dolphins leap and surf coastal waves in large pods. Their acrobatic displays and social interactions delight snorkelers, kayakers, and observers on boats. Year-round presence ensures frequent sightings. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Mafia Island
Tanzania

Seychelles

Year-round
Peak November–March J Jellyfish Swarms
(Seasonal Plankton Blooms)
Swarms of jellyfish float gracefully through nutrient-rich waters. Colors range from transparent to vibrant, moving in unison with currents. Caution is advised as some species can sting. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Bazaruto
Mozambique

October – March
Note: Irukandji jellyfish season November–March in South Africa K Killer Whale (Orca) & False Killer Whale Sightings
Powerful and social, these apex predators hunt in coordinated pods. Rare sightings off Saint Helena and the African coast offer dramatic glimpses of breaching and tail-slapping behavior. Pelagic trips & False Bay
Cape Town

Mozambique Channel

November – March
. False bay sightings are recent and unpredictable. L Leatherback Turtle Nesting & Hatching
Massive leatherbacks haul onto beaches to lay eggs, returning year after year. Tiny hatchlings emerge at night and scurry to the sea. Coastal West Africa and Madagascar host some of the most important nesting sites. iSimangaliso Wetland Park
South Africa

Nosy Iranja
Madagascar

Gabon

Senegal

Nesting: November–January

Hatching: January–March

M Manta Ray Cleaning Stations
Mantas glide to reef cleaning stations, allowing small fish to remove parasites. Large gatherings form during peak season, showcasing graceful underwater choreography. Divers and snorkelers enjoy uninterrupted views of these giants. Tofo & Bazaruto
Mozambique

Nosy Be
Madagascar

Diani & Malindi- Watamu
Kenya

November – April
Some Madagascar/Kenya sightings may extend to May N Napoleon Wrasse (Humphead) Spawning Aggregations
Humphead wrasses gather on reef edges to breed. Vibrant males display bright patterns while females release eggs into the current. Aggregations are brief but visually spectacular. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Mafia Island
Tanzania

Seychelles

November – December O Octopus & Cuttlefish Breeding Events
Octopuses and cuttlefish court and lay eggs in shallow reef crevices. Their displays include color changes, arm movements, and camouflage. South Africa and Madagascar host some of the most accessible events. Bazaruto
Mozambique

Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Madagascar

November–February
South Africa also May–July for cuttlefish P Pelagic Sperm Whale Encounters
Sperm whales cruise deep offshore waters hunting squid. Large pods surface to breathe in dramatic sequences. Observers from boats or pelagic trips can glimpse their massive tails and heads breaking the surface. Mauritius

Rodrigues

Seychelles

Mozambique Channel

Saint Helena Island

October – March Penguin & Seabird Breeding Colonies
African penguins nest in burrows and rocky sites. Seabird colonies host large numbers of species, from terns to frigatebirds. Breeding peaks vary but visiting colonies provides dynamic wildlife observation. Namibia & South Africa
African Penguins

Seabird colonies
West Africa

Year-round
Breeding peaks vary by species Q Queen Angelfish & Reef Fish Spawning
Reef fish form tight groups during spawning, with bright colors signaling reproductive readiness. Observers witness intricate behaviors over coral gardens. Spawning is brief, seasonal, and highly photogenic. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Bazaruto
Mozambique

November – February
Rare outside main reef areas R Ragged-Tooth Shark Aggregations (Sand Tiger Sharks)
Shy but imposing, sand tiger sharks congregate near reefs and wrecks. Aggregations are seasonal, and they often hover in mid-water, allowing divers to observe with minimal disturbance. Aliwal Shoal & Protea Banks
South Africa

Mozambique (sporadic)

May – November S Sardine Run
South African sardines migrate along the southeast coast with seasonal upwelling. The iconic ‘Sardine Run’ attracts sharks, dolphins, whales, and birds. Wild Coast & Aliwal Shoal
South Africa May – July Southern Right Whale Watching
These whales calve and mate close to shore. They are approachable from vantage points like cliffs and boats, performing breeches and tail slaps. Peak season coincides with coastal calm waters. If you’re lucky you may even see migrating humpback whales. Hermanus
South Africa September – October Spinner Dolphin Mega-Pods
Spinner dolphins leap and spin above the waves in large pods. Their playful interactions and social acrobatics are visible year-round, with peak activity in warmer months. Nosy Be
Madagascar

Mafia Island
Tanzania

Seychelles

Year-round
Best Nov–Mar T Turtle Hatching
Tiny hatchlings emerge and race to the sea, mainly at night. Sodwana Bay
South Africa January – April Turtle Nesting
(Green & Hawksbill)
Female turtles haul ashore to lay eggs on sandy beaches. Nosy Be
Madagascar

Nosy Iranja
Madagascar

Masoala National Park
Madagascar

Mafia Island
Tanzania

November – March

Senegal & Gabon notable for Hawksbill

U Upwelling-Driven Krill & Plankton Blooms
Nutrient-rich upwellings fuel explosive growth of plankton and krill. This supports whales, seabirds, and predatory fish. Coastal regions of South Africa and Namibia are most productive. Protea Banks
South Africa

Benguela Current
Namibia & West South Africa

November – March W Whale Shark Season
Gentle giants filter-feed in tropical waters. Sightings are predictable near reef drop-offs, attracting snorkelers and divers eager to swim alongside these slow-moving giants. Tofo
Mozambique

Mafia Island
Tanzania

Nosy Be
Madagascar

North Coast
Kenya

October – April Wrasse & Parrotfish Spawning Event
Colorful reef fish gather in tight aggregations to spawn. Movements and patterns are highly coordinated, offering divers close-up views of reef reproductive behaviour. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Bazaruto
Mozambique

Mnemba Atoll
Tanzania

November – March X Xanthic Nudibranch & Reef Critter Peak
Brightly colored nudibranchs and other small reef invertebrates are most visible during peak months. Microhabitats teem with life, rewarding careful observation and underwater photography. Sodwana Bay
South Africa

Nosy Be
Madagascar

November – April Y Yellowfin Tuna & Billfish Pelagic Runs
Tuna and billfish surge through open water in predictable seasonal runs. Sport fishermen and marine observers witness thrilling surface breaks and predatory chases. Pemba Channel
Tanzania

Watamu
Kenya

Saint Helena Island
Sights are sporadic

December – March Z Zebra Shark Sightings
(Stegostoma fasciatum)
Zebra sharks rest in shallow reef crevices by day and become active at night. Their patterned bodies and gentle nature make them favorites among divers exploring Mozambique and South Africa. Bazaruto
Mozambique

Sodwana Bay
South Africa

December – March



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